种
常见培养基配方
培养基,是指供给微生物、植物或动物(或组织)生长繁殖的,由不同营养物质组合配制而成的营养基质。一般都含有碳水化合物、含氮物质、无机盐(包括微量元素)、维生素和水等几大类物质。今天博鑫就给大家分享种常见的培养基配方。
1
AcetobacterMedium(醋酸菌培养基)
Glucose(葡萄糖)g
Yeasstextract(酵母膏)10g
CaCOgAgar(琼脂)15gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlAdjust(调)pHto6.8
适用范围:恶臭醋酸杆菌混浊变种
2
NutrientAgar(营养肉汁琼脂)
Pepton(蛋白胨)5g
Beefextract(牛肉膏)30gNaCl5gAgar(琼脂)15gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)Adjust(调)pHto7.0-7.2[Note]:WhencultivationofBacillus,5mgoftoMnSO4.H2Omaybeadded.Itisfavorabletopromotesporeformation.
适用范围:产气气杆菌、粪产碱杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌蕈状变种、地衣形芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、多粘芽孢杆菌、尘埃芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌深黑变种、苏云金芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌蜡螟亚种(青虫菌)、苏云金芽孢杆菌戈尔斯德变种、苏云金芽孢杆菌猝倒亚种、产氨短杆菌、黄色短杆菌、谷氨酸棒状杆菌、北京棒杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌(大肠杆菌)、铜绿假单胞菌(绿脓杆菌)、凸形假单胞杆菌、荧光假单胞菌、弯曲假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌、假单胞杆菌、藤黄八叠球菌、亚黄八叠球菌、尿素八叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、运动发酵单孢菌
3
AzotobacterMedium(固氮菌培养基)
KH2PO40.2gK2HPO40.8gMgSO4.7H2O0.2gCaSO4.2H2O0.1gNa2MoO4.2H2OTrace(微量)Yeastaxtract(酵母膏)0.5gMannitol(甘露醇)20gFeCl3Tract(微量)Distilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlAgar(琼脂)15g(调)pHto7.2
适用范围:固氮菌、胶质芽孢杆菌
4
CornMealMedium(玉米粉培养基)
Maizeflour(玉米粉)5g
Peptone(蛋白胨)0.1gGlucose(葡萄糖)1g
Tapwater(自来水)0ml[Note]:Boilthemixtureinautoclaveat℃for1hr.distributethemediuminto18ⅹ18mmtubes,eachcontains10mloftheliquid,thenautoclaveat℃for1hr.again(15磅蒸煮1小时,分装入18ⅹ18毫米试管,每管深度达6厘米。15磅再次灭菌15小时。)
5
Lactic-bacteriaMediumI(乳酸菌培养基I)
Yeastextract(酵母膏)7.5g
Peptone(蛋白胨)7.5gGlucose(葡萄糖)10gKH2PO42gTomatojuice(西红柿汁)mlTween(吐温).5mlDistilledwater(蒸馏水)mlpH7.0
适用范围:植物乳杆菌(胚芽乳杆菌)、嗜热乳酸链球菌
6
Lactic-bacteriaMidiumⅡ(乳酸菌培养基Ⅱ)
Lacto-caseinpeptone(乳酪蛋白胨)10g
Beefextract(蛋白胨)10gYeastextract(酵母膏)5gGlucose(葡萄糖)5gTween(吐温)gK2HPO42gNa-acetate(醋酸钠)5g
Diaminecitrate(柠檬酸二胺)2gMgSO4.7H2O0.2gMnSO4.H2O0.05gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)0mpH6.5-6.8
适用范围:植物乳杆菌(胚芽乳杆菌)
7
PeotoneGlucoseYeastextractMediumPGY(蛋白胨、酵母膏、葡萄糖培养基)
Peptone(蛋白胨)
10gYeastextract(酵母膏)5gGlucose(葡萄糖)1g
Distilledwater(蒸馏水)1L
8
GlycerolAgar(甘油琼脂)
Peptone(蛋白胨)5g
Beefextract(酵母膏)3gGlycerol(甘油)20g
Topwater(自来水)0mlAgar(琼脂)15gpH7.0-7.2
9
Rhizobiummedium(根瘤菌培养基)AS9
Yeasteztract(酵母膏)1g
Soileztract(土壤浸提液)mlMannitol(甘露醇)10g
Agar(琼脂)15gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)mlpH7.2[Note]:Soilextract:Suspend50gfinelyanddriedgardonsoilinmloftapwater.Autoclaveat℃for1hr.Decantthroughcotton-cloth,fillerthoughpaper,makeupvolumetoml.Resterilizefor20minutesat℃,thenmixedwithothringredientsanddistributed.(土壤浸提液的制法:取土壤50克,加水毫升,15磅蒸煮1小时,经滤纸过滤后加水补足到毫升。)
适用范围:大豆根瘤菌(慢生型)、豇豆慢生根瘤菌、花生根瘤菌、紫云英根瘤菌、大豆根瘤菌(快生型)、大豆根瘤菌、豌豆根瘤菌、苜蓿根瘤菌、田菁根瘤菌
10
MannitolAgar(甘露醇琼脂)
Yeastextract(酵母膏)5g
Peptone(蛋白胨)3gMannitol(甘露醇)25g
Agar(琼脂)15gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)0ml
11
GlucoseAsparagine(葡萄糖、天门冬素琼脂)
Glucose(葡萄糖)10g
Asparagine(天门冬素)0.5gK2HPO40.5gWater(水)0mlpH7.2-7.4
适用范围:刺孢小单孢菌绛红变种、紫色小单孢菌(绛红小单孢菌)
12
Gause′sSyntheticAgar(高氏合成一号琼脂)
KNO31gSolublestarch(可溶性淀粉)20gK2HPO40.5gMgSO4.7H2O0.5gNaCl0.5gFeSO40.01gAgar(琼脂)20gwater(水)0mlpH7.2-7.4
适用范围:刺孢小单孢菌绛红变种、紫色小单孢菌(绛红小单孢菌)、白黄链霉菌、白色链霉菌、抗生链霉菌、双重轮丝链霉菌、产色链霉菌、烬灰链霉菌、天蓝色链霉菌、灭蚊链霉菌、红霉素链霉菌、青色链霉菌、球孢链霉菌、浅灰链霉菌、灰色链霉菌、吸水链霉菌、淡紫灰链霉菌、黄色长孢链霉菌、藤黄色链霉菌、细黄链霉菌、黑化链霉菌、玫瑰色链霉菌、华美链霉菌、嗜热链霉菌、委内瑞拉链霉菌、紫色直丝链霉菌、紫色链霉菌、绿色链霉菌
13
WortAgar(麦芽汁琼脂)
Dilutetheworld(withouthop)to12Brix.Add15gagarinto0mlofthedilutedword..Melttheagarbyheating,thendistributethemediumintotubes.Autoclaveatfor30minutes.(将发酵啤酒的原料(未加酒花),稀释至12柏林,加琼脂15克,溶化后分装。15磅灭菌30分钟。)适用范围:克鲁斯假丝酵母、郎比可假丝酵母、解脂假丝酵母、马其顿假丝酵母、拟热带假丝酵母、粗壮假丝酵母、皱褶假丝酵母、热带假丝酵母、产朊假丝酵母、阿舒假囊酵母、白地霉、果香地霉、地霉属、异常汉逊酵母、异常汉逊酵母变种、阿拉伯糖醇汉逊酵母、施氏汉逊酵母、菅囊酵母、伯顿毕赤酵母、膜醭毕赤酵母、粘红酵母、小红酵母、胶红酵母、深红酵母、卡尔斯伯酵母、酿酒酵母、椰园酿酒酵母、发酵性酵母、洛格酵母、罗斯酵母、鲁氏酵母多形鲁氏酵母、威尔酵母、酵母、路德类酵母、栗酒裂殖酵母、掷抱酵母、贝雷丝孢酵母、皮状丝孢酵母、糙孢曲霉、无壳曲霉、鲜橙曲霉、红曲霉、紫红曲霉、红色红曲霉、红曲霉菌
14
PotatoDextroseAgarPDA(马铃薯、葡萄糖琼脂)
Potatoextract(马铃薯汁)0ml
Dextrose(glucose)(葡萄糖)20gAgar(琼脂)20g[Note]:Potatoextract:Slicepotatoesthin.Add0mlofwater,immediatelytopreventOxidtionofjuiceandboiluntilsoft.(approximately30min.).Filterthroughcotton-cloth.Autoclaveat℃for20minutes.(注:取去皮马铃薯克,切成小块,加水0毫升煮沸30分钟,滤去马铃薯块,将滤液补足至0毫升,加葡萄糖20克,琼脂15克,溶化后分装,15磅灭菌30分钟。)
适用范围:酵米面假单胞菌(酵米面黄杆菌)、白色链霉菌、烬灰链霉菌、青色链霉菌、球孢链霉菌、灰色链霉菌、龟裂链霉菌、伞枝梨头霉、雅致放射毛霉、棒曲霉、米曲霉、出芽短梗霉、白僵霉、灰葡萄孢、顶头孢霉、巴西毛壳、长刺毛壳、橄榄包毛壳、反曲毛壳、琥珀毛壳、圆酵毛壳、束状刺盘孢、新月弯孢霉、奇异翅孢壳、地生翅孢壳、串珠镰孢、尖镰孢、盘长孢菌(鲁保一号)、银白杨盘长孢、玉蜀黍长蠕孢、深黄被孢霉、小被孢霉、多头被孢、拉曼被孢霉、葡萄色被孢霉、生香毛霉、卷枝毛霉、两型孢毛霉、直立毛霉、球孢毛霉、丝球毛霉、大毛霉、多型孢毛霉、总状毛霉、鲁氏毛霉、五通桥毛霉、黑球漆斑菌、露湿漆斑菌、玫烟色拟青霉、棉铃虫拟青霉、拟青霉、球形阜孢、白腐菌、少根根霉、华根霉、科恩根霉、戴尔根霉、日本根霉、爪哇根霉、米根霉、点头根霉、绿穂霉、簇孢匍柄霉、雅致枝霉、康宁木霉、绿色木霉、黄萎轮枝孢、大丽花轮枝孢
15
Czapek′sAgar(察氏琼脂)
Sucrose(蔗糖)30g
NaNO33gMgSO4.7H2O0.5gKCl0.5gFeSO4.7H2O0.01gK2HPO41gAgar(琼脂)13g
Distilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlpH7.2
适用范围:红霉素链霉菌、洋葱曲霉、金头曲霉、泡盛曲霉、泡盛曲霉烟色变种、亮白曲霉、炭黑曲霉、鹿皮色曲霉、棒曲霉、无花果曲霉、黄柄曲霉、黄曲霉、烟曲霉、构巢曲霉、黑曲霉、赭曲霉、米曲霉、寄生曲霉、酱油曲霉、土曲霉、宇佐美曲霉、焦曲霉、杂色曲霉、温特曲霉、阿达青霉、产黄青霉、黄绿青霉、桔青霉、顶青霉、园弧青霉、绳状青霉、灰黄青霉、岛青霉、淡紫青霉、特异青霉、赭绿青霉、产紫青霉、娄地青霉、小刺青霉、荨麻青霉、
16
ConcentratedSucroseCzapek′s(浓糖察氏琼脂)
Sucrose(蔗糖)g
NaNO33gMgSO4.7H2O0.5gKCl0.5gFeSO4.4H2O0.01g
K2HPO41gAgar(琼脂)13gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)0ml
适用范围:谢瓦曲霉
17
SyntheticPotatoMedium(综合马铃薯培养基)
20%Potatoextract(马铃薯汁)1L
Glucose(葡萄糖)20gKH2PO43gMgSO4.7H2O1.5gVitanibB1(硫胺素)Trace(微量)
Agar(琼脂)15gpH6
适用范围:米曲霉、酱油曲霉、栖土曲霉、宇佐美曲霉、出芽短梗霉、白僵霉、灰葡萄孢、顶头孢霉、巴西毛客、长刺毛壳、球毛壳、橄榄包毛壳、反曲毛壳、琥珀毛壳、圆酵毛壳、多主枝孢、束状刺盘孢、葫芦科刺盘孢、新月弯孢霉、奇异翅孢壳、地生翅孢壳、串珠镰孢、蚀脉镰孢霉、盘长孢菌(鲁保一号)、银白杨盘长孢、瓶毛壳、金龟子绿僵菌、生香毛霉、卷枝毛霉、两型孢毛霉、直立毛霉、球孢毛霉、丝球毛霉、大毛霉、多型孢毛霉、总状毛霉、鲁氏毛霉、五通桥毛霉、黑球漆斑菌、露湿漆斑菌、玫烟色拟青霉、棉铃虫拟青霉、淡紫色拟青霉、拟青霉、白腐菌、少根根霉、根霉属的菌、华根霉、科恩根霉、戴尔根霉、台湾根霉、日本根霉、爪哇根霉、黑根霉、雪白根霉、少根根霉、米根霉、点头根霉、三宝垄根霉、根霉属的种、绿穂霉、康宁木霉、木素木霉、拟康氏木霉、木霉、粉红木霉、绿色木霉、黄萎轮枝孢、大丽花轮枝孢、双孢蘑菇、大肥菇、发光假蜜环菌、木耳、皱木耳、毛木耳、大秃马勃、长根菇、金针菇、棘托竹荪、短裙竹荪、短裙竹荪东北变种(暂定)、长裙竹荪、白鬼笔、无裙竹荪、宽鳞大孔菌、凸圆灵芝(白芝)、紫芝、灵芝(红芝,赤芝,日本灵芝,韩国灵芝)、灰树花、猴头菌、香菇、粗毛斗菇、洁丽香菇、豹皮菇、玉蕈、真姬菇、安络小皮伞菌、鬼毛针、黑柄皮伞菌、尖顶羊肚菌、圆锥羊肚菌、高羊肚菌、黑脉羊肚菌、羊肚菌、滑菇、光帽黄伞、尖鳞黄伞、金顶側耳、榆黄磨、金顶磨、白黄側耳、紫孢平菇、姬菇、裂皮側耳、拟囊体側耳(鲍鱼菇)、真线側耳短孢变种、真线側耳、扇形平菇、扁形平菇、佛罗里达无孢子側耳、佛罗里达側耳、蚝菇、糙皮側耳、平菇、贝形側耳、鹰翅菌、肺形側耳、柳树菌、树窝、扁柄側耳、美味側耳、紫孢側耳、粉褶側耳、粉红側耳、凤尾菇、漏斗状側耳、榆干側耳、大榆磨、側耳、茯苓、黑菇、烟色红菇、裂褶菌、鸡纵、金耳、黄木耳、银耳、白木耳、紫晶口磨、银丝菇、丝盖小包脚菇、草菇
18
CornMealMedium(玉米粉培养基)
Mixcornmealwithwater[20:(W/V)]well.Distributethemixtureintomlbottles,eachbottlecontainsabout30mlofthemixture.Autoclaveat℃for30minutes.(20%玉米粉装瓶,15磅灭菌30分钟。)
19
FilterPaperMedium(滤纸培养基)
(NH4)2SO41gKH2PO41gMgSO4.7H2O0.7gNaCl0.5gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlAstripoffilterpaper(滤纸条)6ⅹ1cm(厘米)
20
SoybeanCakeMealAgar(黄豆饼粉琼脂)
10%infusionofsoybeancakemeal(10%黄豆饼粉浸汁)0mlGlucose(葡萄糖)10gNaCl2.5g
21
Sawdust,Wheat-branMedium(木屑、麸皮培养基)
Sawdustofbroadleaftree75gWheatbran25gPreparation:Mixthesetwoingredientswell.Addappropriatewaterandblend(theamountofwateraddedmaybebecidedbykneadingwithfingers).Fillthemixtureintobroadmouthofbottles.Stickaholeonthefilling,putthecottonpulginbottlemouth.壳斗科植物或阔叶树的木屑75克麸皮25克制法:加水适量充分混匀,水量以手捏时指间有水珠为宜,装瓶并压紧,在中心处扎一小洞,堵上棉塞,20磅灭菌1小时。
22
PineBlockorPineSowdustMedium(松木条或松木屑培养基)
1.Cutcmpinebiocksandimmersethemin1-2%sucrosesolution.Alowthebiocksfullyabsorbingsugersolution.Fillthebiocksintobroadmonthofbottle.Parkthebottlewithpaper.Autoclaveat20lbsfor1hr.(将10ⅹ2ⅹ1厘米的松木条浸泡在1-2%的蔗糖水中。使木条吸足糖水,装瓶不宜过紧,用纸包好,20磅灭菌1小时。)2.PineSawdustMediumPineSawdust(松木屑)75%Ricebran(米糠)23-24%Socrose(蔗糖)1-2%Water(appropriate)水(适量)Autoclaveat20lbsfor1hr.(20磅灭菌1小时)
23
RiceStraw.DungMedium(稻草、马粪培养基)
Driedhorsedung(orcowdung)(干马粪或牛粪)65%Diedstraw(干稻草)35%
Urea(尿素)0.5%Calciumsuperhosphate(过磷酸钙)0.7%Gypsumpowder(石膏粉)1%Ammoniumsulphate(硫酸铵)0.3%[Note]:Addappropriatewater,pilethemupandcausethemfermentation.(水适量进行堆积发酵)
24
StrawRiceBranMedium(稻草、米糠培养基)
Driedstraw(干稻草)75-80%Ricebran(米糠)20-25%[Note]:Selectnomouldystrawandcutthemabout3cminlength.Immersetheminfreshwaterfor12hr.Allowthestrawfully(theamountofwateraddedmaybedecidedbykneadingwithfingers.Itisrightwhenadropofwaterappearedbetweenfingers).([注]:选无霉稻草,切成长约3厘米的小段,用清水浸泡12小时,使充分吸水,然后倾去水,加米糠和水,水量以用手捏时指间有水珠为宜。)
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RiceMedium(米饭培养基)
Fill10gofriceintoa50mlofErlenmeyerflask.Add20-30mlwater.Autoclaveat℃for30minutes(orfill2gofriceintoa15ⅹmmtube).Add6mlofwater.Autoclaveat℃for30minutes.(取大米10克,入50毫升椎形瓶中,水20-30毫升于15磅灭菌30分钟即成,或取大米2克,装入15ⅹ毫米试管中,加水6毫升,于15磅灭菌30分钟。)
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FilterPaperMedium(滤纸条培养基)
(NH4)2SO41gKH2PO41gMgSO4.7H2O0.5g
YeastExtract(酵母膏)0.1gDistilledWater(蒸馏水)0mlStripoffilterpaper1ⅹ7cm(滤纸条1ⅹ7厘米)[Note]:Siddolvetheaboveingredients.Distributetheliqidmediumintotubes(eachtubecontains1mlofthebroth).Autoclaveat℃for30minutes.Thenputoneortwosterilizedstripsoffilterpaperintoatubeaseptically.(将上述溶液分配成溶液后分装入试管,每管1毫升,15磅灭菌30分钟。再将灭菌的滤纸条(1条或2条)投入试管中即好使用。)
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YeastExtract-MediumExtractAgarI(酵母膏、麦芽膏琼脂)
Yeastextract(酵母膏)10g
Mallextract(麦芽膏)10gGlucose(葡萄糖)4g
Distilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlAgar(琼脂)20gpH7.0适用范围:红霉素链霉菌
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YeastExtractPeptone(酵母膏、蛋白胨琼脂)
Yeastextract(酵母膏)1g
Multi-peptone(多蛋白胨)2gBeefextract(牛肉膏)1g
Glucose(葡萄糖)10gAgar(琼脂)20g
Distilledwater(蒸馏水)1LpH7.0
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GlucoseYeastExtractStarchAgar(葡萄糖、酵母、淀粉琼脂)
Glucose(葡萄糖)10g
Yeastextract(酵母膏)10gStarch(淀粉)10gNaCl5gCaCO33gAgar(琼脂)20gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)1LpH7.0
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WheatBranMedium(麸皮培养基)
Wheatbran(麸皮)36g
(NH4)2HPOgK2HPO40.2gMgSO4。7H2O0.1gAgar(琼脂)20g
Distilledwater(蒸馏水)1LpH7.0
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YeastSporulationMedium(酵母菌产生子囊孢子培养基)
(1)KleynMediumKH2PO40.%
K2HPO40.02%Sodiumacetate(醋酸钠)0.5%
Glucose(葡萄糖)0.%NaCl0.%
Peptone(蛋白胨)0.25%Biotin(生物素)2μg%
Agar(琼脂)2%Traceelementsolution(混合盐类)1ml/ml[Note]:Traceelementsolution(混合盐类溶液):MgSO4.7H2O0.4%,NaCl0.4%,CuSO4.5H2O0.%,MnSO4.4H2O0.2%,FeSO4.4H2O0.2%(2)GorodkowaMediumGlucose(葡萄糖)0.1%
Peptone(蛋白胨)1%NaCl0.5%
Agar(琼脂)2%(3)McClaryMediumGlucose(葡萄糖)0.1%
KCl0.18%Yeastjuice(酵母汁)0.25%
Sodiumactate(醋酸钠)0.82%Agar(琼脂)1.5%
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BPYMedium(BPY培养基)
Beefextract(牛肉膏)5g
Prptone(蛋白胨)10gNaCl5g
Yeastextract(酵母膏)5gGlucose(葡萄糖)5g
Agar(琼脂)1-2%Distilled(蒸馏水)0mlpH7.0
适用范围:大肠埃希氏菌(大肠杆菌)、恶臭假单胞菌
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LBMedium(LB培养基)
Yeastextact(酵母膏)5g
Peptone(蛋白胨)10gNaCl10gAgar(琼脂)1-2%Distilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlpH7.0
适用范围:大肠埃希氏菌(大肠杆菌)
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PenssayBroth(Penssay肉汤)
Beefextract(牛肉膏)1.5g
Yeastextract(酵母膏)1.5gTryptone(胰蛋白胨)5gNaCl3.5gGlucose(葡萄糖)1gK2HPO4.3H2O4.8gDistilledwater(蒸馏水)0mlpH7.2
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BlondAgar(血琼脂培养基)
Peptone(蛋白胨)10g
Glucose(葡萄糖)2gNaCl5gNaH2PO42.5gSodiumcitrate(柠檬酸钠)5g
Braininfusion(脑浸汁)mlPigheartinfusion(猪心浸)mlSleepBlood(羊血)10%pH7.2[Note]:Preparationofpigbrainandpigheartinfusion:(1)Smashupgfreshpigheart(withoutfatandbloodvessel).Adddistilledwaterupto0ml;(2)Cutgfreshpigbrain(withoutbloodvessel).Adddistilledwaterupto0ml;(3)Keepthetwoinfusionsat50℃for1hr,thenboilfor15minutes;(4)Coolandfiltratethroughgauze.
[注]猪心和猪脑浸汁法:(1)新鲜猪心除去心头和脂肪,搅碎克加蒸馏水至0毫升;(2)新鲜猪脑除去血管,取克加蒸馏水至0毫升;(3)50℃保温1小时,然后煮开15分钟;(4)冷却后用纱布过滤备用。
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Cellulose﹣de